{"id":116,"date":"2016-06-27T18:52:45","date_gmt":"2016-06-27T16:52:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/127.0.0.1\/?page_id=116"},"modified":"2017-03-20T13:24:12","modified_gmt":"2017-03-20T11:24:12","slug":"human-rights","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ipasafrica.co.za\/main\/organisation\/human-rights\/","title":{"rendered":"Universal Declaration of Human Rights"},"content":{"rendered":"<!--themify_builder_content-->\n<div id=\"themify_builder_content-116\" data-postid=\"116\" class=\"themify_builder_content themify_builder_content-116 themify_builder tf_clear\">\n                    <div  data-css_id=\"27kg015\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_27kg015 tb_first tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full   tb_3ryt363 first\">\n                            <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_middle tb_col_count_3 tb_wbkr003\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1  tb_w72a611 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_m0fi442 image-center    tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/ipasafrica.co.za\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/2000px-UN_emblem_blue.svg.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"1697\" title=\"Universal Declaration of Human Rights\" alt=\"Universal Declaration of Human Rights\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_opx4622\">\n                    <!-- module fancy heading -->\n<div  class=\"module module-fancy-heading tb_us8w226 \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <h1 class=\"fancy-heading tf_textc\">\n    <span class=\"main-head tf_block\">\n                    Universal Declaration of Human Rights            <\/span>\n\n    \n    <span class=\"sub-head tf_block tf_rel\">\n                                <\/span>\n    <\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module fancy heading -->\n        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1  tb_u692320 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_wfad600 image-center    tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:&#47;&#x2f;&#x69;p&#97;&#x73;&#x61;f&#114;&#x69;c&#97;&#x2e;&#x63;o&#46;&#x7a;a&#47;&#x6d;&#x61;i&#110;&#x2f;&#x77;&#112;&#x2d;&#x63;o&#110;&#x74;&#x65;n&#116;&#x2f;u&#112;&#x6c;&#x6f;a&#100;&#x73;\/&#50;&#x30;&#x31;6&#47;&#x30;&#x37;&#47;&#x69;&#x70;a&#56;&#x6b;&#x2d;1&#64;&#x30;2&#53;&#x78;&#x2e;p&#110;&#x67;\" width=\"200\" height=\"1595\" title=\"Universal Declaration of Human Rights\" alt=\"Universal Declaration of Human Rights\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"1blx699\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_1blx699 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full  tb_b6i1202 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_q7sq000   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\"><span class=\\\"xr_tl Normal_text\\\">The Declaration was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 (General Assembly resolution 217 (III) A). as a common standard of achievements for all peoples and all nations. It sets out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected and to <\/span> <span class=\\\"xr_tl Normal_text\\\">which the International Police Association also remains committed towards.<\/span><\/p><p style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Following this historic act the Assembly called upon all Member countries to publicise the text of the Declaration and \\&#8221;to cause it to be disseminated, displayed, read and expounded principally in schools and other educational institutions, without distinction based on the political status of countries or territories.\\&#8221;<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"5gap268\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_5gap268 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full   tb_u226020 first\">\n                            <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_mqg4340\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1  tb_kikp632 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_hqmr362   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Preamble<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-3  tb_48bj005 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_esvr050   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,<\/p><p>Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people,<\/p><p>Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law,<\/p><p>Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations,<\/p><p>Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,<\/p><p>Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in co-operation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms,<\/p><p>Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge,<\/p><p>Now, Therefore THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY proclaims THIS UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS\u00a0as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.\u00a0<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_kw3z320\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1  tb_282x630 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_mvyz600   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 1.<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-3  tb_lyf4030 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_irhu260   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_lank002\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1  tb_nj3i062 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_xo36500   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 2.<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-3  tb_b8nn200 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_cb7e633   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_mj0v800\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1  tb_xmh6060 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_vcpe800   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 3.<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-3  tb_wstg003 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_prkb066   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_djde622\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1  tb_vwmo832 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_4ivw073   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 4.<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-3  tb_vuc3032 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_mpdf000   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_98vn082\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1  tb_1h8m027 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_axo7011   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 5.<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-3  tb_o8zs360 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_lefj038   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_i8v4022\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1  tb_81xb222 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_pmhb776   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 6.<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-3  tb_nnxp222 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_cjyd202   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_5o8n000\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1  tb_zvgd300 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_9s55733   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 7.<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-3  tb_jj9z723 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_138u004   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_grhi070\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1  tb_uagr400 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_4ays057   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 8.<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-3  tb_28wq050 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_5lo8000   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_chpl939\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1  tb_rqxi000 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_wzw5060   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 9.<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-3  tb_b476260 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_45wn777   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_s4hd000\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1  tb_k700667 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_xnjm093   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 10.<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-3  tb_94vj000 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_7t8m328   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_gkxe820\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1  tb_tye4300 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_2bca071   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 11.<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-3  tb_jsfc090 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_pj5z606   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>(1) Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence.<\/p><p>(2) No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_gnoz900\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1  tb_gf0s022 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_yep1808   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 12.<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-3  tb_cva2300 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_von3008   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_yx3h083\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1  tb_y81j012 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_wbq8230   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 13.<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-3  tb_bxih900 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_n14o008   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state.<\/p><p>(2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_ib8k082\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1  tb_rggv802 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_1ttj922   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 14.<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-3  tb_eh1p200 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_l5wy805   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>(1) Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution.<\/p><p>(2) This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_u3wj377\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1  tb_487q000 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_zf5b038   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 15.<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-3  tb_avyv302 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_t5b6003   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>(1) Everyone has the right to a nationality.<\/p><p>(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_5q8y502\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1  tb_7ybx380 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_ikec280   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 16.<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-3  tb_f0ul080 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_i8e4023   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>(1) Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.<\/p><p>(2) Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses.<\/p><p>(3) The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_m14t300\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1  tb_dvdy303 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_i0hd066   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 17.<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-3  tb_yv9j890 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_d1d1800   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>(1) Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others.<\/p><p>(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_9h30200\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1  tb_375f820 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_2icr880   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 18.<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-3  tb_9fog909 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_nxom403   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_4rws629\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1  tb_t3zg099 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_2i3c230   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 19.<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-3  tb_watu030 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_nmwp030   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_il1k200\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1  tb_9x6i291 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_ywvf000   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 20.<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-3  tb_1i6e103 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_8pmb919   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.<\/p><p>(2) No one may be compelled to belong to an association.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_6ux7300\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1  tb_b7dc034 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_6vdo320   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 21.<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-3  tb_svwr339 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_j3e5001   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>(1) Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives.<\/p><p>(2) Everyone has the right of equal access to public service in his country.<\/p><p>(3) The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_a2il002\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1  tb_w26e203 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_gn1s330   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 22.<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-3  tb_2gty001 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_6n5o099   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_us9s037\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1  tb_xd0j903 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_9d1g035   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 23.<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-3  tb_rbw5350 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_xbxt330   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>(1) Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.<\/p><p>(2) Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work.<\/p><p>(3) Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection.<\/p><p>(4) Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_oc2q620\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1  tb_w713963 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_08ac263   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 24.<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-3  tb_autm300 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_kxft900   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_1g8e307\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1  tb_4kl4676 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_tvoc980   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 25.<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-3  tb_kgi8190 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_u3bo030   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>(1) Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.<\/p><p>(2) Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_psib308\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1  tb_k68z000 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_gbss121   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 26.<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-3  tb_8bu5200 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_xhgd900   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>(1) Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.<\/p><p>(2) Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace.<\/p><p>(3) Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_izpt339\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1  tb_lcrv044 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_f1l6200   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 27.<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-3  tb_nxds060 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_wko4490   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>(1) Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits.<\/p><p>(2) Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_wogc201\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1  tb_os3u024 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_t0xt400   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 28.<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-3  tb_h98p208 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_m5g3202   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_f3z4200\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1  tb_5q7l400 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_t9pq220   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 29.<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-3  tb_ic1h003 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_h53m004   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>(1) Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his personality is possible.<\/p><p>(2) In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society.<\/p><p>(3) These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tb_mvth440\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1  tb_t0z5348 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_1mca044   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 30.<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-3  tb_ft8k240 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_6fbs050   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p>Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"xizk720\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_xizk720 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full   tb_o5cu005 first\">\n                            <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_middle tb_col_count_3 tb_66ah002\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col3-1  tb_6sbb025 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_sy0h500   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">\u00a9 The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col3-1 tb_m5e9006\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_621v202   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">OHCHR-UNOG<br \/> 8-14 Avenue de la Paix<br \/> 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col3-1  tb_k7q8062 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_rmoa776   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">+41 22 917-9000<br \/> <a href=\\\"mai&#108;&#116;&#111;&#58;&#x77;&#x65;&#x62;&#x61;&#x64;&#x6d;&#x69;n&#46;h&#99;&#104;&#114;&#64;&#117;&#x6e;&#x6f;&#x67;&#x2e;&#x63;&#x68;\\\">&#119;&#x65;&#98;&#x61;d&#109;&#x69;&#110;&#x2e;h&#x63;h&#114;&#x40;&#117;&#x6e;o&#x67;&#x2e;&#99;&#x68;<\/a><\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n<!--\/themify_builder_content-->\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Declaration was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 (General Assembly resolution 217 (III) A). as a common standard of achievements for all [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":110,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"ipa_section":[],"class_list":["post-116","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","has-post-title","has-post-date","has-post-category","has-post-tag","has-post-comment","has-post-author",""],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/P80lm5-1S","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"builder_content":"<img src=\"http:\/\/ipasafrica.co.za\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/2000px-UN_emblem_blue.svg.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"1697\" title=\"Universal Declaration of Human Rights\" alt=\"Universal Declaration of Human Rights\">\n<h1>Universal Declaration of Human Rights<br\/><\/h1>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/ipasafrica.co.za\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/ipa8k-1@025x.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"1595\" title=\"Universal Declaration of Human Rights\" alt=\"Universal Declaration of Human Rights\">\n<p style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">The Declaration was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 (General Assembly resolution 217 (III) A). as a common standard of achievements for all peoples and all nations. It sets out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected and to which the International Police Association also remains committed towards.<\/p><p style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Following this historic act the Assembly called upon all Member countries to publicise the text of the Declaration and \\\"to cause it to be disseminated, displayed, read and expounded principally in schools and other educational institutions, without distinction based on the political status of countries or territories.\\\"<\/p>\n<h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Preamble<\/h2>\n<p>Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,<\/p><p>Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people,<\/p><p>Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law,<\/p><p>Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations,<\/p><p>Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,<\/p><p>Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in co-operation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms,<\/p><p>Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge,<\/p><p>Now, Therefore THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY proclaims THIS UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS\u00a0as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 1.<\/h2>\n<p>All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 2.<\/h2>\n<p>Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 3.<\/h2>\n<p>Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 4.<\/h2>\n<p>No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 5.<\/h2>\n<p>No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 6.<\/h2>\n<p>Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 7.<\/h2>\n<p>All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 8.<\/h2>\n<p>Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 9.<\/h2>\n<p>No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 10.<\/h2>\n<p>Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 11.<\/h2>\n<p>(1) Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence.<\/p><p>(2) No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 12.<\/h2>\n<p>No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 13.<\/h2>\n<p>(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state.<\/p><p>(2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 14.<\/h2>\n<p>(1) Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution.<\/p><p>(2) This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 15.<\/h2>\n<p>(1) Everyone has the right to a nationality.<\/p><p>(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 16.<\/h2>\n<p>(1) Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.<\/p><p>(2) Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses.<\/p><p>(3) The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 17.<\/h2>\n<p>(1) Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others.<\/p><p>(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 18.<\/h2>\n<p>Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 19.<\/h2>\n<p>Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 20.<\/h2>\n<p>(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.<\/p><p>(2) No one may be compelled to belong to an association.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 21.<\/h2>\n<p>(1) Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives.<\/p><p>(2) Everyone has the right of equal access to public service in his country.<\/p><p>(3) The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 22.<\/h2>\n<p>Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 23.<\/h2>\n<p>(1) Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.<\/p><p>(2) Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work.<\/p><p>(3) Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection.<\/p><p>(4) Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 24.<\/h2>\n<p>Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 25.<\/h2>\n<p>(1) Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.<\/p><p>(2) Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 26.<\/h2>\n<p>(1) Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.<\/p><p>(2) Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace.<\/p><p>(3) Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 27.<\/h2>\n<p>(1) Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits.<\/p><p>(2) Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 28.<\/h2>\n<p>Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 29.<\/h2>\n<p>(1) Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his personality is possible.<\/p><p>(2) In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society.<\/p><p>(3) These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Article 30.<\/h2>\n<p>Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein.<\/p>\n<h6 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">\u00a9 The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">OHCHR-UNOG<br \/> 8-14 Avenue de la Paix<br \/> 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland<\/h6>\n<h6 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">+41 22 917-9000<br \/> <a href=\\\"mailto:webadmin.hchr@unog.ch\\\">webadmin.hchr@unog.ch<\/a><\/h6>","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ipasafrica.co.za\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/116","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ipasafrica.co.za\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ipasafrica.co.za\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ipasafrica.co.za\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ipasafrica.co.za\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=116"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ipasafrica.co.za\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/116\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ipasafrica.co.za\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/110"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ipasafrica.co.za\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=116"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"ipa_section","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ipasafrica.co.za\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ipa_section?post=116"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}